Tomcat 8 install

Ubuntu 기준으로 tomcat8 설치하기

JDK8

$ apt-cache search openjdk-8
$ apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
$ java -version
openjdk version 1.8.0_222

설치 경로 확인

$ upate-alternatives --list java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java
$ cd /usr/lib
$ ln -s jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64 java
$ ls /usr/lib/java

tomcat8

tomcat은 패키지를 apt-get으로 설치하면 자동으로 설정이 되는 장점이 있지만, 수동으로 받아서 설치하는 것이 좋다. (개인 취향)
수동으로 하는 것은 설치 경로나 구성 등을 본인에 맞게 할 수 있다.

간략 버전 (빠른 설치)

sudo apt-get install tomcat8
ufw allow 8080
service tomcat8 start
끝

수동 설치
http://tomcat.apache.org
홈페이지에서 원하는 버전의 다운로드 URL을 복사한다.

# cd /usr
# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.9/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.9.tar.gz
# tar xvfz apache*.gz
# ln -s apache-tomcat-8.5.9 tomcat
# cd /usr/tomcat/bin
# ./version.sh
Apache Tomcat/8.5.9

환경 설정

• 방화벽 오픈
  ufw allow 8080
• 환경 변수

$ vi /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/java
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/tomcat
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/lib/jsp-api.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/lib/servlet-api.jar 

$ source /etc/profile

• 구동 테스트
  cd /usr/tomcat/bin
  ./startup.sh
  netstat -ant | grep 8080
  ps -ef | grep tomcat

브라우저에서 http://IP:8080 으로 접속하여 페이지가 뜨는지 확인한다.

• 테스트 종료
  ./shutdown.sh

서비스 등록

• 계정 생성

groupadd tomcat
useradd -M -s /bin/nologin -g tomcat -d /usr/tomcat tomcat
cd /usr/
chown -R tomcat.tomcat apache-tomcat-8.5.9

• 서비스 등록

root@blockchain:/etc/systemd/system# cat tomcat.service 
# Systemd unit file for tomcat
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/java"
Environment="CATALINA_PID=/usr/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid"
Environment="CATALINA_HOME=/usr/tomcat"
Environment="CATALINA_BASE=/usr/tomcat"
Environment="CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC"
Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.security.egd=file:///dev/urandom"

ExecStart=/usr/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
UMask=0007
RestartSec=10
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

위와 같이 파일을 작성하고
systemctl daemon-reload

서비스 구동

service tomcat status
service tomcat start

부팅시 자동시작 스크립트

/etc/init.d에 tomcat 파일을 아래와 같이 만들고
chomd 755 tomcat으로 권한을 설정한다.
JAVA_HOME, CATALINA_HOME, tomcat 계정, 디렉터리를 잘 설정한다.

#!/bin/sh
#
# /etc/init.d/tomcat -- startup script for the Tomcat 8 servlet engine
#
# Modified init-Script from Ubuntu Tomcat init-script
#
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          tomcat
# Required-Start:    $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Required-Stop:     $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Should-Start:      $named
# Should-Stop:       $named
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start Tomcat.
# Description:       Start the Tomcat servlet engine.
### END INIT INFO

set -e

PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/opt/tomcat
NAME=tomcat
DESC="Tomcat servlet engine"
DEFAULT=/etc/default/$NAME
JVM_TMP=/tmp/tomcat-tmp

if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "You need root privileges to run this script"
        exit 1
fi

# Make sure tomcat is started with system locale
if [ -r /etc/default/locale ]; then
        . /etc/default/locale
        export LANG
fi

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

if [ -r /etc/default/rcS ]; then
        . /etc/default/rcS
fi


# The following variables can be overwritten in $DEFAULT

# Run Tomcat 8 as this user ID and group ID
TOMCAT_USER=tomcat
TOMCAT_GROUP=tomcat

# The first existing directory is used for JAVA_HOME (if JAVA_HOME is not
# defined in $DEFAULT)
JDK_DIRS="/usr/lib/java"

# Look for the right JVM to use
for jdir in $JDK_DIRS; do
    if [ -r "$jdir/bin/java" -a -z "${JAVA_HOME}" ]; then
        JAVA_HOME="$jdir"
    fi
done

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/java

# Directory where the Tomcat binary distribution resides
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/$NAME

# Directory for per-instance configuration files and webapps
CATALINA_BASE=/usr/$NAME

# Use the Java security manager? (yes/no)
TOMCAT_SECURITY=no

# Default Java options
# Set java.awt.headless=true if JAVA_OPTS is not set so the
# Xalan XSL transformer can work without X11 display on JDK 1.4+
# It also looks like the default heap size of 64M is not enough for most cases
# so the maximum heap size is set to 128M
if [ -z "$JAVA_OPTS" ]; then
        JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.awt.headless=true -Xmx128M"
fi

# End of variables that can be overwritten in $DEFAULT

# overwrite settings from default file
if [ -f "$DEFAULT" ]; then
        . "$DEFAULT"
fi

if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar" ]; then
        log_failure_msg "$NAME is not installed"
        exit 1
fi

POLICY_CACHE="$CATALINA_BASE/work/catalina.policy"

if [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ]; then
        CATALINA_TMPDIR="$JVM_TMP"
fi

# Set the JSP compiler if set in the tomcat.default file
if [ -n "$JSP_COMPILER" ]; then
        JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dbuild.compiler=\"$JSP_COMPILER\""
fi

SECURITY=""
if [ "$TOMCAT_SECURITY" = "yes" ]; then
        SECURITY="-security"
fi

# Define other required variables
CATALINA_PID="/var/run/$NAME.pid"
CATALINA_SH="$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh"

# Look for Java Secure Sockets Extension (JSSE) JARs
if [ -z "${JSSE_HOME}" -a -r "${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/jsse.jar" ]; then
    JSSE_HOME="${JAVA_HOME}/jre/"
fi

catalina_sh() {
        # Escape any double quotes in the value of JAVA_OPTS
        JAVA_OPTS="$(echo $JAVA_OPTS | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g')"

        AUTHBIND_COMMAND=""
        if [ "$AUTHBIND" = "yes" -a "$1" = "start" ]; then
                JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true"
                AUTHBIND_COMMAND="/usr/bin/authbind --deep /bin/bash -c "
        fi

        # Define the command to run Tomcat's catalina.sh as a daemon
        # set -a tells sh to export assigned variables to spawned shells.
        TOMCAT_SH="set -a; JAVA_HOME=\"$JAVA_HOME\"; source \"$DEFAULT\"; \
                CATALINA_HOME=\"$CATALINA_HOME\"; \
                CATALINA_BASE=\"$CATALINA_BASE\"; \
                JAVA_OPTS=\"$JAVA_OPTS\"; \
                CATALINA_PID=\"$CATALINA_PID\"; \
                CATALINA_TMPDIR=\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"; \
                LANG=\"$LANG\"; JSSE_HOME=\"$JSSE_HOME\"; \
                cd \"$CATALINA_BASE\"; \
                \"$CATALINA_SH\" $@"

        if [ "$AUTHBIND" = "yes" -a "$1" = "start" ]; then
                TOMCAT_SH="'$TOMCAT_SH'"
        fi

        # Run the catalina.sh script as a daemon
        set +e
        touch "$CATALINA_PID" "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out
        chown $TOMCAT_USER "$CATALINA_PID" "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out
        start-stop-daemon --start -b -u "$TOMCAT_USER" -g "$TOMCAT_GROUP" \
                -c "$TOMCAT_USER" -d "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
                -x /bin/bash -- -c "$AUTHBIND_COMMAND $TOMCAT_SH"
        status="$?"
        set +a -e
        return $status
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ]; then
                log_failure_msg "no JDK found - please set JAVA_HOME"
                exit 1
        fi

        if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE/conf" ]; then
                log_failure_msg "invalid CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE"
                exit 1
        fi

        log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
        if start-stop-daemon --test --start --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
                --user $TOMCAT_USER --exec "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
                >/dev/null; then

                # Regenerate POLICY_CACHE file
                umask 022
                echo "// AUTO-GENERATED FILE from /opt/tomcat/" \
                        > "$POLICY_CACHE"
                echo ""  >> "$POLICY_CACHE"
                cat $CATALINA_BASE/conf/*.policy \
                        >> "$POLICY_CACHE"

                # Remove / recreate JVM_TMP directory
                rm -rf "$JVM_TMP"
                mkdir -p "$JVM_TMP" || {
                        log_failure_msg "could not create JVM temporary directory"
                        exit 1
                }
                chown $TOMCAT_USER "$JVM_TMP"

                catalina_sh start $SECURITY
                sleep 5
                if start-stop-daemon --test --start --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
                        --user $TOMCAT_USER --exec "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
                        >/dev/null; then
                        if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
                                rm -f "$CATALINA_PID"
                        fi
                        log_end_msg 1
                else
                        log_end_msg 0
                fi
        else
                log_progress_msg "(already running)"
                log_end_msg 0
        fi
        ;;
  stop)
        log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"

        set +e
        if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
                start-stop-daemon --stop --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
                        --user "$TOMCAT_USER" \
                        --retry=TERM/20/KILL/5 >/dev/null
                if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
                        log_progress_msg "$DESC is not running but pid file exists, cleaning up"
                elif [ $? -eq 3 ]; then
                        PID="`cat $CATALINA_PID`"
                        log_failure_msg "Failed to stop $NAME (pid $PID)"
                        exit 1
                fi
                rm -f "$CATALINA_PID"
                rm -rf "$JVM_TMP"
        else
                log_progress_msg "(not running)"
        fi
        log_end_msg 0
        set -e
        ;;
   status)
        set +e
        start-stop-daemon --test --start --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
                --user $TOMCAT_USER --exec "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
                >/dev/null 2>&1
        if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then

                if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
                    log_success_msg "$DESC is not running, but pid file exists."
                        exit 1
                else
                    log_success_msg "$DESC is not running."
                        exit 3
                fi
        else
                log_success_msg "$DESC is running with pid `cat $CATALINA_PID`"
        fi
        set -e
        ;;
  restart|force-reload)
        if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
                $0 stop
                sleep 1
        fi
        $0 start
        ;;
  try-restart)
        if start-stop-daemon --test --start --pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
                --user $TOMCAT_USER --exec "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
                >/dev/null; then
                $0 start
        fi
        ;;
  *)
        log_success_msg "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|try-restart|force-reload|status}"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

exit 0

Author: crazyj7@gmail.com