Integral100 [41-50]

41. $\int \sinh{x}dx$

$\begin{aligned} &\int \sinh {x} dx \\ &=\int \frac {e^x-e^{-x}}{2} dx =\frac{1}{2}(\int e^xdx-\int e^{-x}dx)\\ &=\frac{e^x+e^{-x}}{2}=\cosh {x}+C \end{aligned}$

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42. $\int \sinh^2{x}dx$

$\begin{aligned} &\int \sinh^2 {x} dx \\ &=\int (\frac {e^x-e^{-x}}{2})^2 dx =\frac{1}{4}(\int e^{2x}dx+\int e^{-2x}dx-\int 2 dx)\\ &=\frac{e^{2x}-e^{-2x}}{8}-\frac{1}{2}x=\frac{1}{4}\sinh {2x}-\frac{1}{2}x+C \end{aligned}$

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43. $\int \sinh^3{x}dx$

$\begin{aligned} &\int \sinh^3{x} dx \\ &=\int \sinh{x}\sinh^2{x} dx =\int \sinh{x}(\cosh^2{x}-1) dx\\ &=\int sinhx cosh^2x dx -\int sinh x dx (u=cosh x, du = sinh x dx)\\ &=\int u^2 du-cosh x=\frac{1}{3}cosh^3x-coshx+C \end{aligned}$

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44. $\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}dx$

$\begin{aligned} &\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}dx (x=tan(y), dx=sec^2y dy)\\ &=\int \frac{1}{sec{y}} sec^2ydy=\int \sec{y} dy\\ &=ln|\sec{y}+\tan{y}|+C\\ &(R.T. x=tan y, a=1, o=x, h=\sqrt{1+x^2})\\ &=ln|\sqrt{1+x^2}+x|+C\\ \end{aligned}$
Alternative

let $\sinh^{-1}{x}=y$, $sinh{y}=x$
$=ln|\sqrt{1+sinh^2y}+sinh{y}|\\ =ln|\sqrt{1+(\frac{e^y-e^{-y}}{2})^2}+\frac{e^y-e^{-y}}{2}|\\ =ln|\sqrt{\frac{e^{2y}+e^{-2y}-2+4}{4}}+\frac{e^y-e^{-y}}{2}|\\ =\ln| \frac{e^y+e^{-y}}{2} +\frac{e^y-e^{-y}}{2}| = \ln |e^y|=y\\ =\sinh^{-1}{x}$

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45. $\int ln(x + sqrt(x^2 + 1) ) dx$

$\begin{aligned} &\int ln(x + \sqrt{x^2 + 1} )dx = \int sinh^{-1}x dx\\ &(x=sinh \theta, dx=cosh\theta d\theta) \\ &=\int ln (sinh \theta +\sqrt{sinh^2 \theta+1})cosh \theta d \theta\\ &=\int ln (sinh \theta + cosh \theta)cosh\theta d \theta \\ &=\int \theta cosh \theta d \theta \\ &=\theta sinh \theta - cosh\theta+C\\ &=x \sinh^{-1}{x}-\sqrt{sinh^2\theta+1}+C\\ &=x \sinh^{-1}{x}-\sqrt{x^2+1}+C \end{aligned}$

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46. $\int \tanh{x} dx$

$\begin{aligned} &\int \tanh{x} dx \\ &=\int \frac{sinh x}{cosh x} dx, (u=cosh x, du = sinh x dx )\\ &=\int \frac{du}{u} = ln |u| +C=ln|cosh x|+C \end{aligned}$

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47. $\int sech{x} dx$

(sech{x})’ = -sech(x)tanh(x)
$\begin{aligned} &\int sech{x} dx = \int \frac{1}{cosh{x}} dx = \int \frac{cosh{x}}{cosh^2{x}} dx \\ &=\int \frac{coshx}{sinh^2x+1}dx (u=sinhx, du=coshxdx)\\ &=\int \frac{1}{1+u^2} du\\ &=\arctan {u} = \tan^{-1}({\sinh^{-1}x})+C \end{aligned}$

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48. $\int \tanh^{-1}{x} dx$

(y=tanh^-1 x, x=tanh y, dx=sech^2 y dy)
(tanh x)’ = sech^2(x)
$\begin{aligned} &\int \tanh^{-1}{x} dx \\ &=\int y sech^2y dy = y tanh(y)-\int tanh(y) dy\\ &=y tanh(y)-ln|cosh(y)|\\ &=xtanh^{-1}x-ln|cosh(tanh^{-1}x)|+C \\ \end{aligned}$

$y=tanh^{-1}x \\ cosh(tanh^{-1}x) =cosh (y)\\ ... ??$

$\begin{aligned} &\int \tanh^{-1}{x} dx \\ &(tanh^{-1}x \rightarrow D \rightarrow \frac{1}{1-x^2})\\ &=(\tanh^{-1}{x}) (x) - \int \frac{1}{1-x^2}xdx\\ &=x \tanh^{-1}{x} - \int \frac{x}{1-x^2}dx (u=1-x^2, du=-2xdx)\\ &=x \tanh^{-1}{x} +\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{1}{u} du\\ &=x \tanh^{-1}{x} +\frac{1}{2}ln|1-x^2|+C \end{aligned}$

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49. $\int \sqrt{\tanh{x}} dx$

$\begin{aligned} &\int \sqrt{\tanh{x}} dx \\ &=\int \sqrt{\frac{sinh x}{cosh x}} dx\\ &(u=\sqrt{coshx}, du =\frac{sinhx}{2\sqrt{cosh x}}dx )\\ &=\int \frac{\sqrt{sinh x}}{u}\frac{2\sqrt{coshx}}{sinhx}du\\ &=2\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{sinhx}}du=2\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{ \sqrt{cosh^2x-1}}}du\\ &=2\int \frac{1}{(u^4-1)^{1/4}}du \end{aligned}$

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$\begin{aligned} &\int \sqrt{\tanh{x}} dx \\ &=\int \sqrt{\frac{sinh x}{cosh x}} dx\\ &(u=coshx, du =sinhx dx )\\ &=\int \frac{\sqrt{sinh x}}{\sqrt{u}}\frac{1}{sinhx}du\\ &=\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{u}\sqrt{sinhx}}du=\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{u\sqrt{u^2-1} }}du\\ &=\int\frac{1}{(u^4-u^2)^{1/4}}du \end{aligned}$

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$\begin{aligned} &\int \sqrt{\tanh{x}} dx \\ &(u=\sqrt{tanh(x)}, u^2=tanhx, x=arctanh(u^2) )\\ &(dx=\frac{1}{1-u^4}2udu)\\ &=\int u \frac{1}{1-u^4}2udu \\ &=2\int \frac{u^2}{1-u^4}du = 2\int \frac{u^2}{(1-u^2)(1+u^2)}du\\ &=2\int \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{1-u^2}+\frac{-\frac{1}{2}}{1+u^2} du\\ &=\int \frac{1}{1-u^2}-\frac{1}{1+u^2} du\\ &=arctanh(u)-arctan(u)\\ &=arctanh(\sqrt{tanh(x)})-arctan(\sqrt{tanh(x)})+C\\ \end{aligned}$

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50. $\int_0^5 [x] dx$

$\begin{aligned} &\int_0^5 [x] dx \\ &x=[0,1) y=0, x=[1,2)y=1, x=[2,3)y=2...\\ &Area=0+1+2+3+4=10 \end{aligned}$

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